Using the reciprocal space, two types of structures are simple to identify: simple periodic (photonic crystals), which have high diffractive efficiencies but sparse resonances (narrow-band), and random structures, with a continuous reciprocal space (broadband) but suffering from low diffraction efficiencies. A third type, quasirandom structures, lies in between; these provide high diffractive efficiency over a target wavelength range, which is broader than simple photonic crystals but narrower than a random structure. These structures are promising for ultrathin solar cells due to their broader nature. We present our numerical work towards evolving simple photonic crystals in quasirandom structures, and our fabrication approach based on polymer-blend lithography, with initial results on solar cells.
Group IV clathrates are a unique class of guest/framework type compounds that are considered potential candidates for a wide range of applications (superconductors to semiconductors). To date, most of the research on group IV clathrates has focused heavily on thermoelectric applications. Recently, these materials have attracted attention as a result of their direct, wide band gaps for possible use in photovoltaic applications. Additionally, framework alloying has been shown to result in tunable band gaps. In this review, we discuss the current work and future opportunities concerning the synthesis and optical characterization of group IV clathrates for optoelectronics applications.
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