With the widespread of digital information and advanced internet technologies, cyber-physical systems (CPS) generate numerous data. Due to the limited storage and computing capacity, CPS devices outsource data to cloud servers. When the data is outsourced to cloud servers, users lose control of their data. Several traditional and blockchain auditing schemes were proposed to verify the integrity of the data. Unfortunately, these existing schemes suffer from key escrow problem, and they are unsuitable for CPS devices as they involve substantial computation costs. This paper proposes an efficient blockchain-based certificateless short signature public auditing scheme for cloud-based CPSs, which uses blockchain technology to verify the integrity of the data. Further, our scheme requires only one pairing operation and two hash functions in the verification process. The performance analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme outperforms and satisfies low-bandwidth device requirements.