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21 February 2013 1064 nm-Nd:YAG lasers with different output modes enhancing transdermal delivery: physical and physiological mechanisms
Caihua Liu, Jie Zhang, Yuanlei Yue, Qingming Luo, Dan Zhu
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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 18, Issue 6, 061228 (February 2013). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061228
Abstract
Lasers have shown great advantages in enhancing transdermal drug delivery. However, the physical or physiological mechanisms are not clear, which limits the application in clinical medicine. Here, 1064 nm-Nd:YAG lasers with long-pulsed (LP, 15  J/cm2 ) and Q-switched (QS, 0.5  J/cm2 ) output modes inducing short- and long-term effects on the stratum corneum (SC) of skin are investigated. Infrared thermography is applied to monitor the dynamical temperature distribution of the skin surface, while histopathological analysis and two-photon fluorescence microscopy are employed to examine changes in the microstructure of skin and molecular constitution of SC, respectively. Results have shown that the LP laser irradiation increases skin temperature evidently and loosens keratin, making corneocytes fragile or exfoliative, whereas the QS laser irradiation disrupts the keratin or corneocytes completely, perforating some micropores on the SC. It can be concluded that the mechanisms of enhancing transdermal delivery caused by lasers depends on the output modes. The LP laser irradiation produces thermal effects on skin, which loosens the SC, while the QS laser induces mechanical effects on skin, which punches micropores on the SC. Moreover, the laser-induced enhancing effects on transdermal glycerol delivery can last for one week to wait for the recovery of SC.
CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
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Caihua Liu, Jie Zhang, Yuanlei Yue, Qingming Luo, and Dan Zhu "1064 nm-Nd:YAG lasers with different output modes enhancing transdermal delivery: physical and physiological mechanisms," Journal of Biomedical Optics 18(6), 061228 (21 February 2013). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061228
Published: 21 February 2013
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Cited by 28 scholarly publications.
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KEYWORDS
Skin
Laser irradiation
Molecular lasers
Temperature metrology
Reflectivity
Laser tissue interaction
Molecules
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