The monitoring of mosquito breeding habitats requires the production of surface water maps on a regular basis and at a high-resolution using mapping algorithms. To map surface water, several machine learning (ML) algorithms were evaluated, taking advantage of frequently available synthetic aperture radar imagery from the Sentinel-1 mission with a 10-m spatial resolution and a large dataset of field observations of the water state (inundated/dry) in rice paddies and wetlands. One-class support vector machine, one-class self-organizing map, and multilayer perceptron with automatic relevance determination (MLP-ARD) algorithms were trained and assessed to examine their accuracy in detecting surface water. Results show the robustness of the MLP-ARD algorithm, which provides an overall accuracy of 0.974 for a single date and 0.892 for a 5-month study period from May to September. The accuracy of water detection was found to be mainly affected by the presence of dense and high vegetation in inundated fields and the presence of floating vegetation or algae.