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Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) devices enable deep mapping of blood oxygen saturation (SO2), but recent studies have suggested potential degraded accuracy of pulse oximeters and other optical oximetry technologies in patients with darker skin. To assess PAI oximetry robustness to skin pigmentation level, we developed a test method to quantify PAI oximetry performance using different skin-mimicking polyvinyl chloride (PVCP) phantoms with fluid channels containing blood at various SO2 levels. Varying phantom skin absorption significantly modified spectral coloring artifacts and SO2 accuracy. This test method can enable device design optimization to help ensure high device performance for all patients.
William C. Vogt,Keith A. Wear, andJoshua Pfefer
"Assessing impact of skin pigmentation on photoacoustic imaging oximetry using a phantom-based test method ", Proc. SPIE PC12370, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XVI, PC123700F (6 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2652630
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William C. Vogt, Keith A. Wear, Joshua Pfefer, "Assessing impact of skin pigmentation on photoacoustic imaging oximetry using a phantom-based test method ," Proc. SPIE PC12370, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XVI, PC123700F (6 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2652630