Amorphous films with preferential molecular alignment can exhibit spontaneous orientation polarization (SOP). In OLEDs, SOP is frequently observed in the electron-transport layer (ETL), leading to exciton-polaron quneching and peak efficiency loss. We find that the efficiency reduction scales directly with the degree of ETL SOP. We also show that quenching can be tuned by mixing the polar ETL with a non-polar host. Finally, we demonstrate how film processing conditions can serve as an additional axis of control, with elevated substrate temperature and reduced deposition rate during film growth leading to more isotropic molecular orientation, and a reduction in SOP-induced quenching.
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