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The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. Additional papers and presentation recordings may be available online in the SPIE Digital Library at SPIEDigitalLibrary.org. The papers reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from these proceedings: Author(s), “Title of Paper,” in Planetary Defense and Space Environment Applications, edited by Gary B. Hughes, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9981 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2016) Six-Digit Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISSN: 1996-756X (electronic) ISBN: 9781510603530 ISBN: 9781510603547 (electronic) Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time)· Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2016, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/16/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library.
Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model, with papers published first online and then in print. Papers are published as they are submitted and meet publication criteria. A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of the first publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online, print, and electronic versions of the publication. SPIE uses a six-digit CID article numbering system in which:
AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the six-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first four digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B…0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc. Batliner, Payton, 03 Bautista, Miguel, 0B Bishman, Chase, 0B Blair, Diana, 0C, 0F Böttger, Roman, 0G Bouakka-Manesse, A., 09 Brashears, Travis, 02, 03, 04, 05, 0B, 0J Brown, EiEi, 0I Choi, Michael K., 0E Chorier, P., 09 Chuska, Richard, 0C, 0F Cohen, Alexander, 02, 05, 0B, 0J Corso, Alain Jody, 0G Decuir, Eric, 0I Delannoy, A., 09 Della Corte, Vincenzo, 0G Fièque, B., 09 Foggetta, Luca, 0G Frese, Erich, 0C, 0F Gandra, Anush, 07 Griswold, Janelle, 02, 05, 07, 0J Ho, Ian, 0B Hömmerich, Uwe, 0I Huebner, Rene, 0G Hughes, Gary B., 02, 03, 04, 05, 07, 08, 0J Hwang, Rebecca, 0B Jamin, N., 09 Jia, Ken, 0I Jia, Yingqing, 0I Jin, Feng, 0I Kelkar, Ajit, 0D Knowles, Patrick, 03, 04 Kulkarni, Neeraj, 02, 05, 06, 0J Leroy, C., 09 Lin, Lucas, 0B Lubin, Philip M., 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 0B, 0H, 0J Macasaet, Van P., 02 Madajian, Jonathan A., 02, 03, 05, 07, 0B, 0J Mani, Venkat, 0D Martucci, Alessandro, 0G Matyseck, Marc, 0C, 0F Mehta, Amal, 04 Meinhold, Peter, 03 Mercer, Whitaker, 03 Motta, Caio, 03 Napolitani, Enrico, 0G Onuma, Eleanya, 0C, 0F Ott, Melanie N., 0C, 0F Palumbo, Pasquale, 0G Pelizzo, Maria G., 0G Péré-Laperne, N., 09 Pidancier, P., 09 Pon, Brandon, 0B Prasad, Narasimha S., 0D, 0I Prazak, Michael, 0B Preti, G., 0G Rancoita, Piergiorgio, 0G Reyes, Rachel, 0B Rommelfanger, Nicholas, 0B Ruehl, Patrick, 0B Rupert, Nic, 04, 07, 0B Samuels, Alan C., 0I Srinivasan, Prashant, 05 Stanton, Eric, 04 Switzer, Robert, 0C, 0F Taglioni, G., 0G Tessarolo, Enrico, 0G Thomes, W. Joe, 0C, 0F Trivedi, Sudhir, 0I Tsukamoto, Ryan, 0B Valente, Paolo, 0G Vanmali, Dylan, 0B Vial, L., 09 Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal, 0I Xu, Xu, 0B Yang, Clayton S.-C., 0I Zhang, Qicheng, 02, 05, 06, 07, 08, 0J Zuppella, P., 0G Conference CommitteeConference Chair Conference Co-chair Conference Program Committee
Session Chairs
Planetary Defense and Space Environment Applications IThis volume contains papers presented at the SPIE Optics+Photonics conference, Planetary Defense and Space Environment Applications. This conference was formed as a natural extension of the Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments conference series, which was chaired by Edward W. Taylor and David A. Cardimona. In recent years, the emerging field of planetary defense, protecting Earth from bombardment by asteroids and comets, has begun to explore the use of directed energy technology. Transitioning ground-based, directed-energy systems for use in space environments presents many challenges, including robust design for survivability and reliability of components and systems operating in the extreme environmental conditions of space. The focus of the Planetary Defense and Space Environment Applications conference is emerging and advanced optical and photonic technologies appropriate for use in space environments, including applications such as planetary defense missions and systems for solar system exploration. In the space environment, the effects of ionizing radiation, temperature ranging, and environmental effects such as atomic oxygen (AO), vacuum, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation can degrade space sensors, systems, and related components. Papers presented at the conference describe satellite architectures, including payloads which require micro-component optical or photonic systems such as Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) devices, integrated monolithic photonics and innovative, miniaturized, cost-effective, reliable and radiation-resistant sensor and communications technologies. This conference also incorporates papers dealing with specific missions that rely on optical and photonic technologies, such as directed-energy planetary defense, directed-energy spacecraft propulsion, active target illumination, orbital debris mitigation, spectrometry and other missions. Missions that seek to explore the surfaces of solar system bodies, by remote sensing or landing missions are included in this conference, as these missions occur in unique and challenging environments requiring specialized hardware to explore. For example, one might consider the range of unusual considerations that arise if trying to explore Venus. Conditions at most altitudes are inhospitable to present technology, especially on the surface. Similarly intriguing and challenging environments are considered, such as those of Titan, Enceladus, and Europa. Emerging and improved photonics technology can facilitate implementation of future small sat systems, as well as significantly improve related dual-use commercial and military terrestrial system applications where reduced size, reliability, and resistance to temperature and ionizing radiations are major issues. Topics dealing with research and development in these areas, and especially technologies expected to operate in adverse UV and AO environments such as near-Earth orbits or locations such as interplanetary space that are exposed to galactic cosmic rays, are discussed. As chair of the inaugural Planetary Defense and Space Environment Applications conference, I wish to thank Ron Pirich, who served as conference Co-chair, and the entire Program Committee for generously offering their time and effort in support of this conference. I am very grateful to all of the authors for their efforts and willingness to present their incredible research at this conference. I especially appreciate all of the SPIE staff members who work tirelessly to organize and execute this conference, which is truly among the best conference experiences in any field. Gary B. Hughes Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo |
