Surface wind speed estimation over open ocean using bidirectional observation by Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat-8/OLI

Bertrand Fougnie; Olivier Hagolle; Sophie Lachérade

doi:10.1117/12.2237597

19 September 2016 Surface wind speed estimation over open ocean using bidirectional observation by Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat-8/OLI

Bertrand Fougnie, Olivier Hagolle, Sophie Lachérade

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Proceedings Volume 9972, Earth Observing Systems XXI; 997211 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237597
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2016, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Large stripes, observed on first Sentinel-2/MSI images over ocean, are not due to instrumental artifacts but to the target itself. The same kind of signature can be observed on Landsat-8/OLI. Both MSI and OLI instruments are known for their excellent radiometric quality for land observation. The MSI’s focal plane is composed by 12 elements to cover the 300km-swath, respectively 14 elements for a 185km-swath for OLI. For technical reason, elements were slightly shifted forward/backward alternatively in the focal plane. As a consequence, each element has a different viewing angle than the next/previous one, leading for a considered target on the ground to a significant difference in zenith/azimuthal viewing angles. These angular variations, fully acceptable for the land mission, become sensitive for specific targets such as sunglint, a highly directional signal. It was already demonstrated the possibility to retrieve surface wind speed from bidirectional space measurements with POLDER/PARASOL instruments. Indeed, using multiple viewing angles is a good way to better constrain the inversion because it doesn’t fully rely on the absolute estimation of a unique measurement. Somehow, MSI or OLI can be seen as bidirectional sensors for targets located between 2 elements of the focal plane. Knowing the exact acquisition geometry, the observed radiometric gap can be directly related to the surface wind speed. Because it is a relative estimation, this inversion becomes more robust to aerosol contamination. Finally, an improved retrieval can be foreseen thanks to the multiple spectral bands provided by MSI and OLI.

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Bertrand Fougnie, Olivier Hagolle, and Sophie Lachérade "Surface wind speed estimation over open ocean using bidirectional observation by Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat-8/OLI", Proc. SPIE 9972, Earth Observing Systems XXI, 997211 (19 September 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237597

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KEYWORDS

Multispectral imaging

Reflectivity

Earth observing sensors

Landsat

Sensors

Aerosols

Satellites

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