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The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. Additional papers and presentation recordings may be available online in the SPIE Digital Library at SPIEDigitalLibrary.org. The papers reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from these proceedings: Author(s), "Title of Paper," in Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VI, edited by Alison B. Peck, Robert L. Seaman, and Chris R. Benn, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9910 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2016) Six-digit Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISSN: 1996-756X (electronic) ISBN: 9781510601994 ISBN: 9781510602007 (electronic) Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time) · Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2016, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/16/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library. Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model. A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online and print versions of the publication. SPIE uses a six-digit CID article numbering system structured as follows:
AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the six-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first four digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B...0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc. Abbott, T. M. C., 0V, 1D Abril, M., 0Q Accomazzi, Alberto, 0A Adamson, Andy, 1M Adkins, Sean, 2I Akiyama, E., 1H Alarcon, Hector, 1Z Aleksić, J., 1D Alis, Sinan, 2J Allam, S., 1D Aloisi, Alessandra, 0A Alonso, D., 14 Alonso-Floriano, F. J., 0E Amado, P. J., 0E, 0Q Amico, P., 24 Anderson, Joe, 32 Ángeles, Fernando, 0G Angeli, George Z., 1A Annis, J., 1D Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, 1V Armus, Lee, 12 Arnaboldi, Magda, 08, 09, 0B, 29, 30 Arriagada, Gustavo, 1X Arsenault, R., 24 Ashley, Michael C. B., 23 Asmus, Daniel, 2T Astier, Joseph, 1P Axelrod, Tim, 0F Azzollini, R., 2W Bailey, J., 2W Balbinot, E., 1D Ball, Jesse, 1X Barbosa, Domingos, 0J Barker, Elizabeth A., 16 Barraca, João Paulo, 0J Barrios, Emilio, 1Z Basa, Stéphane, 0G Baude, Laurence, 33 Baumer, M., 1D Beard, S., 2W Beaufore, L., 1D Becerril, S., 0Q Bechtol, K., 1D Beck, Tracy L., 1O, 25 Beckmann, Siman, 27 Bell, Graham S., 0O Bernstein, G., 1D Berriman, Graham B., 0A, 2E Berukoff, Steven J., 1G Bierwirth, T., 24 Birrer, S., 1D Blair, William P., 1O Blanc, Pierre-Eric, 0G Bock, Douglas C.-J., 0H Boër, Michel, 0G Boffin, Henri M. J., 32 Boller, Thomas, 1Q Bolte, Michael, 2I Bond, J. R., 14 Bonnett, C., 1D Bordelon, Dominic, 2B Boroson, Todd, 1C Brannon, Kairn, 0V Brauner-Vettier, Nadia, 33 Briceño, Cesar, 0W Brillant, Stéphane, 1K, 1T, 2Y Brink, Janus, 0T, 2M Brogan, Crystal, 0C Brout, D., 1D Browne, Keith, 2M Bruderer, C., 1D Bryant, Aaron, 27 Buckley, David A. H., 0T Buckley-Geer, E. J., 1D Burdullis, Todd, 15 Burt, Jennifer A., 2A Butler, Nathaniel R., 0G Cabak, Jerry, 2I Caballero, J. A., 0E, 0Q Calabrese, E., 14 Calderone, Giorgio, 2F Cambazard, Hadrien, 33 Capozzi, D., 1D Cárdenas, C., 0Q Cardwell, Andrew, 1P Carnero Rosell, A., 1D Carosi, Alessandro, 1V Carrasco, Rodrigo A., 2S Carvalho, Bruno, 0J Castander, F. J., 1D Castro-Almazán, Julio A., 0P Catusse, Nicolas, 33 Cawthon, R., 1D Cerda, Susana, 1K, 2Y Chandler, Claire, 0L Chang, C., 1D Chavan, A. M., 1H Chen, Ming-Tang, 0O Chiappini, Cristina, 1Q Choi, S. K., 14 Christou, Julian C., 2G Chrysostomou, Antonio, 0H Cimmino, Rosario F., 2X Claver, Charles F., 0V, 1A Clerc, Nicolas, 1Q Clerkin, L., 1D Coccato, Lodovico, 2Z Coetzee, Johannes C., 04, 0T, 2M Cohen, R., 2E Colditz, Sebastian, 27 Collins, Paul, 1X Colomé, J., 0E Colson, A., 2E Connolly, Andrew J., 1A Cook, Kem, 1A Cordova, Martin, 1X Cortés-Contreras, M., 0E Costa, Alessandro, 1V Coughlin, Michael, 0V, 1A Covarrubias, R., 1D Cowley, David, 2I Crabtree, Dennis R., 05 Craig, William W., 0Z Crane, Megan, 12 Crawford, Steven M., 04, 0T, 2M Cristiani, Stefano, 2F Crowley, K. T., 14 Cuhna, C., 1D Cuillandre, Jean-Charles, 15 Cupani, Guido, 2F da Costa, L., 1D Dahler, Mike, 2I D'Andrea, C., 1D Daniel, Scott, 1A Das, R., 1D Davis, C., 1D Davis, Gary R., 0H De Bernardis, F., 14 De Bruyn, David, 2M de Diego, Jose A., 0G de Guindos, E., 0E de Jong, Roelof S., 1Q de Juan, E., 0E De Meester, W., 1I De Ridder, J., 1I de Wit, Willem-Jan, 32 Deich, William T. S., 2A, 2I Delgado, Francisco, 13 Delmotte, Nausicaa A. R., 08, 09, 0B, 29, 30 Dempsey, Jessica T., 0O Depagne, Éric, 04, 0T Desai, Vandana R., 0A Devlin, M., 14 Devost, Daniel, 15 Di Marcantonio, Paolo, 2F Dicken, D., 2W Diehl, H. T., 1D Dietrich, J., 1D Dodd, Suzanne R., 12 D'Odorico, Valentina, 2F Doherty, Peter, 0V Donaldson, Thomas, 0A Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, 0C Dower, Theresa, 0A Drlica-Wagner, A., 1D Duhoux, P., 24 Dunkley, J., 14 Dwelly, Tom, 1Q Earl, Nicholas M., 16 Ebert, Rick, 0A Edwards, Michelle L., 1P Eifler, T. F., 1D Elias, Jonathan H., 0W Elliott, A., 1D Etherington, J., 1D Evans, D. J., 1I Fabbiano, Giuseppina, 0A Farah, Alejandro S., 0G Fausti Neto, A., 1D Feng, Song, 28 Fernández, M. G., 1D Ferro, I., 0Q Figueroa, Liliana, 0G Fischer, Christian, 27 Fisher-Levine, Merlin, 0V Flagey, Nicolas, 1F Flaugher, B. L., 1D Forchì, V., 29 Forster, Karl, 0Z Freudling, Wolfram, 1U Friberg, Per, 0O Frieman, J., 1D Fuentes, Javier, 1X Fumi, Fabio, 27 Furlanetto, C., 1D Gabor, Pavel, 2L Gadotti, Dimitri A., 32 Gairing, Stefan, 0M Gallardo, P. A., 14 Gallozzi, Stefano, 1V Gangkofner, D., 1D García-Lorenzo, Begoña, 0P García-Marín, M., 2W García-Piquer, Á., 0E Geers, V., 2W Gehrels, Neil A., 0G Geis, Norbert, 27 Gelino, C. R., 2E Gerdes, D. W., 1D Gesa, L., 0E Gilbert, Karoline, 16, 1O Girard, Julien H. V., 2O, 32 Glasse, A., 2W Glauser, A., 2W Goldstein, D. A., 1D Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen, 0G Gordon, K., 2W Grabowski, K., 1D Granzer, Thomas, 0N Grefenstette, Brian W., 0Z Groom, Steve L., 0A Grothkopf, Uta, 03, 2B Gruendl, R., 1D Guàrdia, J., 0E Güçsav, B. Bülent, 2U Gueguen, Alain, 1Q Guerra, Juan Carlos, 21 Guniat, Serge, 0M Guo, Jingjing, 28 Gupta, R. R., 1D Haddad, Juan-Pablo, 22 Hagen, H.-J., 0E Hainaut, O., 1J Hamilton, S., 1D Hanley, Christopher, 16 Hanuschik, Reinhard, 1S, 2Z Harrison, Fiona A., 0Z Harvey-Smith, Lisa, 0I Hasselfield, M., 14 Hau, G., 1J Hays, Tony, 1G Head, H., 1D Helmling, J., 0E Helsby, J., 1D Henderson, S. W., 14 Henning, Thomas, 27 Hernández Castaño, L., 0E Hernandez, Octavio, 0M Hettlage, Christian, 04, 2M Hibbard, John, 0C, 0L Hilker, Michael, 02, 0B Hilton, M., 14 Hlozek, R., 14 Ho, Paul T. P., 0O Ho, S. P., 14 Holden, Bradford P., 2A Hollowood, D., 1D Hönle, Rainer, 27 Honscheid, K., 1D Hu, Keliang, 23 Hu, Yi, 23 Hüdepohl, Gerhard, 22 Huffenberger, K., 14 Hulme, Stephen, 2M Hummel, Christian, 2T Hummel, Wolfgang, 2O Hussain, Gaitee, 0B Huygen, R., 1I Imel, David, 0A Indebetouw, Remy, 0C Ingraham, Patrick, 0V Iserlohe, Christof, 27 Ivezić, Željko, 1A Ivison, Rob, 0B James, D., 1D Jenness, Tim, 0F Ji, Kanfan, 28 Johnson, M. W. G., 1D Johnson, M., 1D Jones, R. Lynne, 1A Jouvel, S., 1D Justtanont, K., 2W Kacprzac, T., 1D Karakla, Diane M., 16, 1O Kassin, Susan A., 1O Kaufer, A., 02, 03 Käufl, Hans-Ulrich, 2T Kececioglu, John, 0F Kent, S., 1D Kepley, Amanda A., 0C Kerber, Florian, 1S, 2T Kern, Jeff, 0L Keskin, Onur, 2J, 2U Kessler, R., 1D Keyes, Charles D., 1O Kim, A., 1D Klaassen, P., 2W Klein, Randolf, 27 Klotz, Alain, 0G Kniazev, Alexei, 04, 0T Koen, Thea, 0T Kong, M., 2E Koopman, B. J., 14 Korte-Stapff, M., 1I Kosowsky, A., 14 Kotze, Paul, 04, 0T, 2M Krabbe, Alfred, 27 Krause, E., 1D Krawiec, C. I., 1D Kremin, A., 1D Kron, R., 1D Kuhlmann, S., 1D Kuntschner, H., 24 Kuropatkin, N., 1D Kurowski, R., 1H Kürster, M., 0E Kutyrev, Alexander S., 0G La Fuente, Carlos, 2Y Labiano, A., 2W Lacy, Mark, 07 Lagrange, Anne-Marie, 33 Lahav, O., 1D Lahuis, F., 2W Laidler, Victoria G., 16 Laine, Seppo, 12 Laity, A. C., 2E Landry, Walter, 0A Lasker, J., 1D Law, D., 2W Le Roux, Gerhard, 0J Lee, William H., 0G Lefebvre, Michael, 2G Leggett, Sandy, 1M Leibundgut, Bruno, 03, 0B Lemaire, Pierre, 33 Lewis, Hilton, 2I Li, T. S., 1D Lin, Jiaben, 28 Lombardi, Saverio, 1V Looney, Leslie W., 27 López del Fresno, M., 0E Lopez, Bernhard, 0M López-Santiago, J., 0E Louis, T., 14 Lucarelli, Fabrizio, 1V Lucuix, Christian, 22 Lukin, Vladimir P., 1Y Lundin, Lars, 2O Lupton, Robert, 0V Luque, E., 1D Ma, Bin, 23 Maartens, Deneys, 2M Maccrann, N., 1D MacKenty, John W., 1E Madec, P.-Y., 24 Mader, J. A., 2E Madhavacheril, M. S., 14 Madonna, Alberto, 1V Madsen, Kristin K., 0Z Mahoney, Billy, 15 Maia, Dalmiro, 0J Mainieri, V., 02 Maltes, Diego, 0X Manset, Nadine, 15 Marang, Fred, 0T March, M., 1D Marconi, Alessandro, 2F Margheim, Steven J., 0Y Markwardt, Craig B., 0Z Marshall, J., 1D Marteau, S., 02, 1J Martinez, J., 1I Mascetti, Laura, 08, 09, 0B, 29, 30 Mason, Brian, 0C Mastropietro, Michele, 1V Masuda, Neal, 1X Matheson, Thomas, 0F Mayo, Louis, 2L Mazzerella, Joseph M., 0A McConnachie, Alan, 1F McGlynn, Thomas, 0A McKinnon, Mark, 0L McMahon, J., 14 Meakins, Silvia, 2B Melchior, P., 1D Menanteau, F., 1D Mérand, Antoine, 1K Merloni, Andrea, 1Q Meza, Francisco, 1X Micol, Alberto, 08, 09, 0B, 29, 30 Mieske, Steffen, 02, 03, 0B, 1J, 1K, 1T, 2Y Mignot, Shan, 1F Milli, Julien, 2O Mirabet, E., 0Q Miszalski, Brent, 04, 0T Miyasaka, Hiromasa, 0Z Momcheva, Ivelina, 1E Mondrik, N. P., 1D Mondrik, Nicholas, 0V Montes, D., 0E Montes, Vanessa, 0R Morales Muñoz, R., 0E, 0Q Moreno, Cristian, 0R Morganson, E. P., 1D Morrison, J., 2W Moullet, Arielle, 0C Moutou, Claire, 15 Mudd, D., 1D Müller, M., 2W Muñoz-Tuñón, Casiana, 0P Murowinski, Rick, 1F Mysore, S., 02 Nadolski, A., 1D Næss, S., 14 Nagasawa, D. Q., 1D Naghib, Elahesadat, 11 Narayan, Gautham, 0F Natarajan, Swaminathan, 0J Nati, F., 14 Neilsen, E., 1D Nelson, Jerry, 2I Neureiter, Bianca, 1S Newburgh, L., 14 Niemack, M. D., 14 Nord, B., 1D Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, 16 Nosov, Eugene V., 1Y Nosov, Viktor V., 1Y Nugent, P., 1D O'Donoghue, Darragh E., 04 Ogando, R., 1D Old, L., 1D Ortiz, José, 2S Osorio, Juan, 20, 21 Page, L. A., 14 Palmese, A., 1D Park, Sam, 2I Parsons, Harriet, 0O Patat, F., 02, 03, 1J Pavlov, A., 0E Peck, Michael, 2I Pena, Eduardo, 21 Peña-Guerrero, Maria A., 1O Pérez, D., 0Q Perez, Gabriel, 0R Pérez-Jordán, Gabriel, 0P Perley, Margaret, 0L Petravick, D., 1D Petr-Gotzens, Monika, 0B Petry, Catherine, 1A Pevunova, Olga, 0A Phillips, Drew, 2I Pickering, Timothy E., 16 Pino Pavez, Andres, 1K, 1T, 2Y, 32 Plazas, A. A., 1D Poglitsch, Albrecht, 27 Pollard, Mike, 2I Pomante, Emanuele, 2F Pontoppidan, Klaus M., 16 Potter, S. B., 2H Power, Jennifer, 1P Primas, F., 02 Prochaska, J. Xavier, 2I Pruemm, M., 24 Pueyo, Laurent, 16 Pujol, A., 1D Queiroz, A. B. A., 1D Querel, Richard R., 1S Quirós, Fernando, 0G Quirrenbach, A., 0E, 0Q Raab, Walfried, 27 Rabe, Paul, 04, 2M Racine, René, 15 Rahmer, Gustavo, 2G Rainnie, Jonn A., 18 Ramirez, A., 20 Ramón, A., 0Q Rana, Vikram R., 0Z Randall, S., 1H Randolph, Bill, 2I Ratliff, Chris, 2I Ravindranath, Swara, 16 Reardon, Kevin, 1G Rebell, Felix, 27 Rebull, L. M., 12 Regibo, S., 1I Reid, I. N., 1O Reil, K., 1D Reiners, A., 0E, 0Q Rejkuba, Marina, 02, 03, 0B, 1J, 24 Retzlaff, Joerg, 08, 09, 0B, 29, 30 Reuter, Michael A., 13, 1A Reyes, Claudia, 2Y Reyes-Ruíz, Maurico, 0G Ribas, I., 0E, 0Q Ridgway, Stephen, 0F Rieke, G., 2W Rippa, Mathew, 0R Rivas, Leonel, 1T Robberto, Massimo, 16 Rodrigues, Myriam, 1T Rogers, Rolando, 0R, 0X Romaniello, Martino, 03, 0B, 0D, 1U Romano, Francesco, 2X Román-Zúñiga, Carlos G., 0G Romer, A. K., 1D Romero, Cristian Marcelo, 1K, 1T, 2Y Romero, Ignacio, 0P Romero-Colmenero, Encarni, 04, 0T, 2H, 2M Roodman, A., 1D Rooney, P., 1D Rosenfeld, R., 1D Roth, Katherine C., 1B Rots, Arnold, 06, 1W Royer, P., 1I Rubini, Pascal, 33 Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, Jaime, 0G Rutten, René, 1M Saha, Abhijit, 0F Sako, M., 1D Salatino, M., 14 Salvador, A. I., 1D Sánchez Álvaro, E., 1D Sánchez, C., 1D Sánchez-Carrasco, M. A., 0Q Sandford, Dale, 2I Santiago, B. X., 1D Santos, P., 24 Savant, Vaibhav, 2P Saviane, I., 1J Scheidegger, Carlos, 0F Schillaci, A., 14 Schloerb, F. Peter, 26 Schmitt, B. L., 14 Schooneveld, A., 1D Schroeder, Anja, 0T Schubnell, M., 1D Seaman, Robert, 0F Seca, Luis, 0J Sehgal, N., 14 Seifert, W., 0E, 0Q Serio, Andrew, 1X Shang, Zhaohui, 23 Sheldon, E., 1D Sienkiewicz, Mark J., 16 Sievers, J. L., 14 Silbermann, Nancy A., 12 Simon, S. M., 14 Slocum, Christine, 16 Smale, Alan, 0A Smette, Alain, 1K, 2T Smirnova, Olesja, 1B Smith, A., 1D Smith, Adam, 1B Smith, David R., 26 Smith, Niall, 2P Smith, R. C., 1D Snodgrass, Richard, 0F Soares-Santos, M., 1D Sobreira, F., 1D Soderblom, D. R., 1O Solano, E., 0E Sontag, Christopher D., 16 Souccar, Kamal, 26 Soumagnac, M., 1D Speiss, Daniel J., 1G Spergel, D. N., 14 Spinka, H., 1D Staats, Kai, 2H Staggs, S. T., 14 Stauffer, John, 12 Stephan, Christian, 21 Stephens, Andrew, 1B Sterzik, Michael, 02, 03, 2B Stevens, J. R., 14 Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa J., 12 Strassmeier, Klaus G., 0N Strydom, Ockert, 0T, 2M Stubbs, Christopher, 0V, 11, 1A Suarez Sola, Igor, 1P Summers, Doug, 1P, 24 Swain, M., 2E Swart, Paul, 0J Swett, Hector, 1X Szeifert, Thomas, 0B Szeto, Kei, 1F Tacconi-Garman, L. E., 02, 03, 1J Taljaard, Cornelius, 0H Tanne, S. L., 1H Taylor, Clark, 0F Taylor, Julian, 2T Teplitz, Harry I., 0A Thierry, Pierre, 0G Tie, S. S., 1D Tinoco, Silvio, 0G Toeniskoetter, Jackson, 0F Torgaev, Andrey V., 1Y Tran, H. D., 2E Trifiletti, Alessandro, 2X Trinh, Christopher, 27 Tripsas, Alex, 2I Tristram, Konrad, 2T Troja, Eleonora, 0G Tucker, D., 1D Úbeda, Leonardo, 1O, 25 Väisänen, Petri, 04, 0T, 2M Valenzuela, Javier, 21 van Ardenne, Arnold, 0J van den Ancker, Mario E., 2T van der Hoeven, Michiel, 0R, 0X van Engelen, A., 14 Van Wyk, Veronica, 0T Vandenbussche, B., 1I, 2W Vanderbei, Robert J., 11 Varela, Antonia, 0P Vavagiakis, E. M., 14 Veillet, Christian, 1P Vieira, Jorge, 0J Vigan, Arthur, 2O Vikram, V., 1D Vila Vilaro, B., 1H Villard, E., 1H Vinther, Jakob, 2T Vivas, K., 1D Volgenau, Nikolaus, 1C Wahhaj, Zahed, 2O Walcher, Jakob C., 1Q Walker, A. R., 1D Wallace, Gary, 26 Walsh, Shane, 1P Walther, Craig, 0O Wang, Bingxiang, 28 Wang, Lifan, 23 Wang, Zhe, 0F Ward, Jim, 2I Watson, Alan M., 0G Watson, Fraser T., 1G Weber, Michael, 0N Welch, Eric, 0F Wester, W., 1D White, Richard L., 0A Whyborn, Nicholas D., 0M Wiant, Scott, 1G Wiesner, M., 1D Wilcox, H., 1D Williams, P., 1D Williams, Theodore B., 0T Wingate, Lory M., 31 Winkelman, Sherry, 06, 1W Wold, Truman, 2I Wolff, Burkhard, 2T Wollack, E. J., 14 Wright, G., 2W Xin, Bo, 1A Yang, Shuo, 0F Yang, Yunfei, 28 Yanny, B., 1D Yerli, Sinan K., 2J, 2U Yeşilyaprak, Cahit, 2J, 2U Yoachim, Peter, 1A Yuan, Xiangyan, 23 Zaidi, Tayeb, 0F Zampieri, S., 29 Zaritsky, Dennis, 2L Zechmeister, M., 0E Zeng, Zhen, 28 Zenteno, A., 1D Zhang, Y., 1D Zhang, Z., 1D Conference Committee
IntroductionThis conference provided a forum for discussion of a broad range of issues relevant to the operation of ground-based and space observatories, including observing/support models, calibration, data-reduction/archiving, quality control, engineering and infrastructure, fault-handling, productivity, and staffing. While every ground and space observatory has its own individual and unique characteristics, each shares with the others a common need to execute technical and science operations in the most efficient and cost-effective way possible. This need is driven by the upward pressure from users for more services and capabilities in opposition to the downward pressure by funding agencies to contain or reduce costs. Tension at the interface between users and funders is particularly acute in this time of global economic turmoil. At the same time the technical and logistical challenges are growing with the systems and network complexity of new observing modes, coordinated multi-facility and multimessenger observing campaigns, fully or partially robotic facilities, integrated instrument pipelines and science archives, and the need to integrate more complex cyber-infrastructure such as the Grid and the Virtual Observatory. The subtle intricacies and mega-scales of new instrumentation demand correspondingly creative operations modalities. Building on previous successful conferences, we gathered to continue discussions of lessons learned, progress made and future initiatives. As before, we were particularly interested in discussions of what works versus what does not work, as well as what was planned versus what actually happened. Discussion of the interplay of science operations, technical operations, data management operations, and observatory development is particularly encouraged—especially as it impacts the maximization of science value return. The relationships amongst available funding, delivered capabilities/services, and user expectation management and how that informs observatory operations models were other important discussion topics. Demand for support of time-domain observations is steadily increasing as well, driven by the desire to study rare, random events as well as long-term, synoptic phenomena. Such studies are particularly challenging when they require coordination, often unpredictable, between multiple space and ground-based observatories. While this trend has recently been driven by space-based detections of gamma ray bursts, the startup of ground-based time-domain survey facilities (ramping up to the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope in the second half of this decade) will quickly take this challenge to a new level. Progress reports from new facilities coming online and existing facilities facing major new operational challenges were particularly solicited. This volume contains the contributions, both oral and poster, to this conference from the international community. Alison B. Peck Robert L. Seaman Chris R. Benn |