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This paper revisits the optical Doppler shift as the classical Doppler shift based upon spectroscopic line broadening of spontaneous emission (moving source) and quantum mechanical conditions for stimulated absorption and emissions (moving detector). We find that excited emitting source-atoms and stimulated detecting-atoms clearly discern their individual absolute velocities with respect to the cosmic vacuum (Complex Tension Field, or CTF). In other words, the optical Doppler shift does not depend solely upon the relative velocity between a pair of source and detector; as the prevailing assumption is. The implication is that Doppler shifts of light coming from distant galaxies are determined by the local velocities of the emitting and detecting atoms with respect to the CTF; and the emissions frequencies remain completely independent of the velocities of the various detectors in various other galaxies; because they obey quantum mechanical transition rule Δν mn = hν mn . The released energy mn hν evolves into a wave packet of frequency mn ν only when the velocity of the source atom is zero w.r.t. CTF. Atom velocity in CTF introduces a real physical frequency shift from mn ν into med . ν . Then a detector would perceive this med . ν as det . ν due to its own velocity w.r.t CTF. The key assertion of this paper is that, the classical Doppler shift for material based waves and the optical Doppler shift for CTF based EM waves, follow the same and two different physical processes during emission and absorption and hence the representative mathematical formulation should be same as classical Doppler shift formula. Light emitted by an atom in a star in a galaxy at a distance of 10 billion years from the Sun, could not have coordinated its Doppler shift “knowing” its relative velocity with an earth based detector’s; because the earth did not exist! The Sun was born barely 4 billion years ago. Calculation of optical Doppler shift based upon current relative velocity between the two galaxies is a noncausal model and hence can lead to erroneous physical conclusions like Expanding Universe, which may not be true. It is more likely that the distance dependent Hubble redshift is due to a distant dependent frequency (energy) loss of photon wave packets engendered by very weak dissipative property of the CTF, like the postulate of Tired Light, or something else. We support our model by analyzing the origin of multi-longitudinal modes in He-Ne lasers. Light emitting and absorbing atoms in distant galaxies follow the same set of QM rules as those in our laboratory. We can safely assume that the physical properties of the free space between distant galaxies and that between the atoms trapped in a low pressure He-Ne laser tube are one and the same. Then we analyze the spontaneous and stimulated emission characteristics of Ne-atoms in a population inverted laser tube. The spectral line broadening measured in emission and absorption spectrometry is due to Doppler broadening introduced due to the statistical Maxwellian velocity distribution of the atoms; which is determined by the mean temperature of the surrounding of the atoms. Again, our assumption is that this Maxwellian Doppler broadening process is the same in the earth-based discharge tube and in the corona of distant stars. Both classical physics (Doppler and Maxwell) and quantum physics (emission and absorption) are same here as in the distant galaxies. And these two branches of physics are complementary, not discordant with each other.
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