Whence the Minkowski momentum?

Masud Mansuripur; Armis R. Zakharian

doi:10.1117/12.825479

20 August 2009 Whence the Minkowski momentum?

Proceedings Volume 7400, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation VI; 740010 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.825479
Event: SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, 2009, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Electromagnetic waves carry the Abraham momentum, whose density is given by p_EM = S(r,t)/c². Here S(r, t) = E(r, t)×H(r, t) is the Poynting vector at point r in space and instant t in time, E and H are the local electromagnetic fields, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The above statement is true irrespective of whether the waves reside in vacuum or within a ponderable medium, which medium may or may not be homogeneous, isotropic, transparent, linear, magnetic, etc. When a light pulse enters an absorbing medium, the force experienced by the medium is only partly due to the absorbed Abraham momentum. This absorbed momentum, of course, is manifested as Lorentz force (while the pulse is being extinguished within the absorber), but not all the Lorentz force experienced by the medium is attributable to the absorbed Abraham momentum. We consider an absorptive/ reflective medium having the complex refractive index n₂+i κ₂, submerged in a transparent dielectric of refractive index n₁, through which light must travel to reach the absorber/reflector. Depending on the impedance-mismatch between the two media, which mismatch is dependent on n₁, n₂, κ₂, either more or less light will be coupled into the absorber/reflector. The dependence of this impedance-mismatch on n₁ is entirely responsible for the appearance of the Minkowski momentum in certain radiation pressure experiments that involve submerged objects.

Citation Download Citation

Masud Mansuripur and Armis R. Zakharian "Whence the Minkowski momentum?", Proc. SPIE 7400, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation VI, 740010 (20 August 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.825479

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