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Tear fluid offers a potential route for non-invasive sensing of physiological parameters. Utilization of this potential
depends on the ability to manufacture sensors that can be placed on the surface of the eye. A contact lens makes a natural
platform for such sensors, but contact lens polymers present a challenge for sensor fabrication. This paper describes a
microfabrication process for constructing sensors that can be integrated into the structure of a functional contact lens in
the future. To demonstrate the capabilities of the process, an amperometric glucose sensor was fabricated on a polymer
substrate. The sensor consists of platinum working and counter electrodes, as well as a region of indium-tin oxide (ITO)
for glucose oxidase immobilization. An external silver-silver chloride electrode was used as the reference electrode
during the characterization experiments. Sensor operation was validated by hydrogen peroxide measurements in the 10-
20 μM range and glucose measurements in the 0.125-20 mM range.
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Angela J. Shum, Melissa Cowan, Ilkka Lähdesmäki, Andrew Lingley, Brian Otis, Babak A. Parviz, "Functional modular contact lens," Proc. SPIE 7397, Biosensing II, 73970K (21 August 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827720