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We report firsthand on innovative developments in non-invasive, biophotonic techniques for a wide range of diagnostic,
imaging and treatment options, including the recognition and quantification of cancerous, pre-cancerous cells and
chronic inflammatory conditions. These techniques have benefited from the ability to target the affected site by both
monochromatic light and broad multiple wavelength spectra. The employment of such wavelength or color-specific
properties embraces the fluorescence stimulation of various photosensitizing drugs, and the instigation and detection of
identified fluorescence signatures attendant upon laser induced fluorescence (LIF) phenomena as transmitted and
propagated by precancerous, cancerous and normal tissue. In terms of tumor imaging and therapeutic and treatment
options, we have exploited the abilities of various wavelengths to penetrate to different depths, through different types of
tissues, and have explored quantifiable absorption and reflection characteristics upon which diagnostic assumptions can
be reliably based and formulated. These biophotonic-based diagnostic, sensing and imaging techniques have also
benefited from, and have been further enhanced by, the integrated ability to provide various power levels to be employed
at various stages in the procedure. Applications are myriad, including non-invasive, non destructive diagnosis of in vivo
cell characteristics and functions; light-based tissue analysis; real-time monitoring and mapping of brain function and of
tumor growth; real time monitoring of the surgical completeness of tumor removal during laser-imaged/guided brain
resection; diagnostic procedures based on fluorescence life-time monitoring, the monitoring of chronic inflammatory
conditions (including rheumatoid arthritis), and continuous blood glucose monitoring in the control of diabetes.
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