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The radiative transition in Tm3+-doped fibre at 1.47 μm (3H4 → 3F4) remains a potential route for designing efficient fibre
and waveguide amplifiers for the S-band (1420-1520 nm). The transition however suffers from a long metastable
lifetime (5 times longer) than the 3H4 level, which means that the 3F4 level must be depopulated rapidly for efficient
inversion for laser and amplifiers applications. One of the known means so far for depopulation of the lower 3F4 level is
via co-doping with other rare-earth ions, essential for modest gain. For the Tm3+ - Ho3+ and Tm3+ - Tb3+ doped tellurite
glasses, the IR static and time-resolve fluorescence spectra and the lifetimes of the upper 3H4 and lower 3F4 lasing levels
for 1.47 μm of Tm3+ were measured. The energy transfer rate and non-radiative transfer efficiency between donors and
acceptors are compared. The quenching mechanism has been explained. Both the Ho3+and Tb3+ ions reduce the lifetimes
of the upper and lower lasing levels, with Tb3+ ions proving more effective than the effects observed for Ho3+ ions.
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Shaoxiong Shen, Billy D. O. Richards, Animesh Jha, "Time resolve spectroscopy and energy transfer in Tm3+-Ho3+ and Tm3+-Tb3+ doped tellurite glasses," Proc. SPIE 6116, Optical Components and Materials III, 61160C (28 February 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644715