Long-wavelength VCSELs for applications in absorption spectroscopy: tuning rates and modulation performances

Alexandre Lytkine; Wolfgang Jaeger; John Tulip

doi:10.1117/12.589949

14 March 2005 Long-wavelength VCSELs for applications in absorption spectroscopy: tuning rates and modulation performances

Alexandre Lytkine, Wolfgang Jaeger, John Tulip

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 5737, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers IX; (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589949
Event: Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2005, 2005, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

We used direct absorption spectroscopy for characterization of long-wavelength VCSELs (VERTILAS, Germany). Gas mixture CO:CO₂=1:1 (total pressure 0.1 - 0.5 bar) provided in the tuning ranges of lasers a multitude of absorption lines spaced by intervals from 1 to 60 GHz that allowed the absolute calibration of laser scans. We measured tuning rates of the VCSELs in 0-50 °C temperature interval in dependence on injection current and modulation frequency varied from 0 up to 6.5 mA and 500 kHz respectively. The continuous tuning range of the 1577.5-nm VCSEL with single-mode output of up to 1.5 mW was found to be of 9.61 nm (38.62 cm^-1). The temperature tuning rates for all VCSELs under study were in the range between -0.4 and -0.5 cm^-1/ °C. The current tuning rates, varied from laser to laser between -1.9 and -2.2 cm^-1/mA at low injection currents and modulation frequencies, were found to be twice as big for all lasers at high injection currents and decreased by factor 2 and 5 at modulation frequencies of 300 and 500 kHz respectively. A phase shift between the amplitude and frequency modulations was measured by fine tuning VCSEL with a DC injection current to display the end of a laser scan in respect to a local maximum in laser power. The phase shift changed from 0 to -0.3 rad with modulation frequency raised from 500 Hz to 500 kHz. The results of phase shift measurements have been compared with those obtained recently for DFB lasers with different methods.

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Alexandre Lytkine, Wolfgang Jaeger, and John Tulip "Long-wavelength VCSELs for applications in absorption spectroscopy: tuning rates and modulation performances", Proc. SPIE 5737, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers IX, (14 March 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589949

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