Maximum likelihood estimation of length of secret message embedded using ±k steganography in spatial domain

Jessica Fridrich; David Soukal; Miroslav Goljan

doi:10.1117/12.584426

21 March 2005 Maximum likelihood estimation of length of secret message embedded using ±k steganography in spatial domain

Jessica Fridrich, David Soukal, Miroslav Goljan

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 5681, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII; (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.584426
Event: Electronic Imaging 2005, 2005, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating the number of embedding changes for non-adaptive ±K embedding in images. The method uses a high-pass FIR filter and then recovers an approximate message length using a Maximum Likelihood Estimator on those stego image segments where the filtered samples can be modeled using a stationary Generalized Gaussian random process. It is shown that for images with a low noise level, such as decompressed JPEG images, this method can accurately estimate the number of embedding changes even for K=1 and for embedding rates as low as 0.2 bits per pixel. Although for raw, never compressed images the message length estimate is less accurate, when used as a scalar parameter for a classifier detecting the presence of ±K steganography, the proposed method gave us relatively reliable results for embedding rates as low as 0.5 bits per pixel.

Citation Download Citation

Jessica Fridrich, David Soukal, and Miroslav Goljan "Maximum likelihood estimation of length of secret message embedded using ±k steganography in spatial domain", Proc. SPIE 5681, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII, (21 March 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.584426

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