Ground penetrating radar as a tool to improve local groundwater flow models of the ice-pushed ridges in the Netherlands

B. J. M. Goes

doi:10.1117/12.383482

27 April 2000 Ground penetrating radar as a tool to improve local groundwater flow models of the ice-pushed ridges in the Netherlands

B. J. M. Goes

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Proceedings Volume 4084, Eighth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar; (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383482
Event: 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, 2000, Gold Coast, Australia

Abstract

The Veluwe area is one of the main groundwater reservoirs in the Netherlands. The Veluwe consists of ice-pushed ridges. The ridges are reworked, mainly sandy, fluvial sediments with some dipping clay layers. Due to these dipping clay layers the sediments have an anisotropy for lateral groundwater flow. Some of these clay layers even form a complete barrier for groundwater flow. The location of these clay layers is important for the reliability of local groundwater flow models. A number of profiles were measured with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR, 50 MHz) at three locations in the ice- pushed ridges with the aim to locate the dipping clay layers and the zones with a high anisotropy. The obtained GPR data was combined with direct observations such as groundwater levels of the phreatic aquifer, Cone Penetration Tests on the some of the pronounced dipping reflectors and local geological knowledge. For the investigation sites the following data from the radar profiles were plotted on a map: (1) the boundary on the surface between the ice-pushed- and the horizontal layered sediments, (2) the groundwater level, (3) groundwater steps, and (4) pronounced dipping reflectors. The boundary between the ice-pushed and horizontal layered sediments on the surface is the location of the transition between sediments with and without a high anisotropy for groundwater flow. The groundwater steps are locations of barriers for lateral groundwater flow, while the pronounced dipping reflectors are just indications for these barriers. A steep gradient of the water table, which is not visible on all the profiles, is an indication for a zone with a high anisotropy for lateral groundwater flow. These maps are currently being used for upgrading local groundwater flow models.

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B. J. M. Goes "Ground penetrating radar as a tool to improve local groundwater flow models of the ice-pushed ridges in the Netherlands", Proc. SPIE 4084, Eighth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, (27 April 2000); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383482

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KEYWORDS

General packet radio service

Reflectors

Anisotropy

Ground penetrating radar

Data analysis

Data modeling

Radar

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