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Remote investigations of natural objects by optical means forn a set of inverse problems comprising the determination of medium proper— ties and their distribution over a source—receiver path, on the one hand, and coordinates and parameters of sources, on the other hand, by characteristics of scattered radiation. During such studies, more and more attention is paid to analyzing the polarizatioa-ternporal pattern of the radiation field scattered by atmosphere1 . This interest is due to polarized radiation as coanpared with unpolarized one con— tains much more information on physicocheinical and structural proper— ties of objects studied. While conducting atmospheric optical investigations, polarization rneasureaients can be used, for example, for inde— pendent estimation of atmosphere turbidity and its transparency, for detection and studying the turbid zones at different directions from an observer, determination of earth' albedo, isolation of aerosol coin— ponents, separation of the atmospheric absorption and scattering, lo— cation of o tical sources, and calculation of their parameters. Taking the intensity alone into account without reference to polarization does not simplify the analysis, but also can lead to incorrect results. Each of the possible aforementioned applications is based on empineal relations required not only to be verified and confirmed, but also upgraded by means of mathematical statistical methods relied upon more full sets of polarimetric observations in real atmosphere. The computer—controlled iaeasuring system for analyzing polarization (MSAP) made at the Institute of ?hysics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus is described below to be designed for studying the polarization characteristics of optical radiation scattered by atmosphere and of radiowaves accompanying the latter. This system has been used for field atmospheric investigations including that under ocean conditions
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