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Geometrical optics can be defined as a local plane wave approximation of optical wave theory. In diffractive optics it can be used for two purposes. In the first place the concept of thin phase or amplitude objects can be elucidated by considering the boundaries between geometrical optics and wave theory. In the second place the transformation of waves by diffractive optical elements can be descreibed by geometrical optics. We will treat in the present paper both problems. For the description of propagation and imaging we use the method of characteristic functions of Hamilton. We will show that it is possible to describe diffractive elements by a characteristic function or a sum of characteristic functions. We will apply Hamilton''s method to the calculation of image quality and tolerances of diffractive elements.
Christiaan H. F. Velzel
"Use of classical geometrical optics in digital holography", Proc. SPIE 1718, Workshop on Digital Holography, (5 January 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.142577
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Christiaan H. F. Velzel, "Use of classical geometrical optics in digital holography," Proc. SPIE 1718, Workshop on Digital Holography, (5 January 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.142577