The three methods presented for calculating the image rotation of any plane-mirror optical system are based on a novel optical kinematic construction, the 'line-of-sight' reference frame (LOSRF). By using the LOSRF, image rotation due to fixed or movable mirrors, derotation mirrors, and vehicle orientation is calculated precisely. The first two of the methods yield the total image rotation angle irrespective of the source of the rotation, while the last furnishes the amount of rotation imparted to the system by each of its components; total image rotation is the sum of these individual rotation angles.
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