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Ultra precision turning technology is widely used in the manufacturing of optical precision components due to its excellent machining accuracy and production efficiency. In the actual turning process, various types of vibrations are superimposed and manifested as relative vibrations between the tool and the workpiece, resulting in specific shape texture features on the surface of the workpiece, seriously affecting the surface quality of the workpiece and reducing its efficiency. This article analyzes the impact of unfiltered low-frequency vibration in the ultra precision machining process environment on the machined surface morphology, achieving vibration error tracing based on workpiece surface morphology data analysis and texture features, and further improving the surface quality of ultra precision turning workpieces. A simulation model for ultra precision turning surface morphology was established based on the principle of tool contour mapping, taking into account the relative vibration in the circumferential, axial, and radial directions between the tool and the workpiece. Based on the deterministic and random factors obtained, the morphology prediction simulation was carried out in the model. Based on the comparative experimental method, single factor experimental method, and result oriented principle, the effect of different cutting parameters on the surface quality of the workpiece under the influence of low-frequency vibration was analyzed. The simulation results were compared with the actual surface morphology, and it was found that the simulation results had consistent layout rules with the measured morphology images. This study provides a reference for the establishment of ultra precision cutting models under external low-frequency forced vibration.
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