On-chip electro-optic modulator based on left-handed photonic crystals

Yalın Başay; Onur Akdeniz; Alperen Gövdeli; Cenk Yanık; Süleyman Çelik; Serdar Kocaman

doi:10.1117/12.3000184

12 March 2024 On-chip electro-optic modulator based on left-handed photonic crystals

Yalın Başay, Onur Akdeniz, Alperen Gövdeli, Cenk Yanık, Süleyman Çelik, Serdar Kocaman

Proceedings Volume 12891, Silicon Photonics XIX; 128910P (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000184
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2024, San Francisco, California, United States

Conference Poster

Abstract

To achieve more compact integrated photonic devices, reducing size of elements is crucial. A factor that limits sizereduction is electro-optic components that require large optical interaction length. In this work, we designed and fabricated an optical modulator where a photonic crystal structure is used to create large phase difference in short distance. Our design is a 2x2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer on the platform of silicon-on-insulator. A left-handed photonic crystal structure that is designed to operate at 1.55 um is placed on one arm of the interferometer to add phase to light. The phase difference between two arms yields amplitude modulation at the output of the interferometer. The photonic crystal is hexagonal air hole lattice and used to switch between negative and positive effective refractive indices. This change is triggered by applying voltage which decreases the refractive index of silicon from 3.480 to 3.477 due to plasma dispersion effect, and causes photonic band-to-band transition. By this way, effective refractive index of the structure jumps from negative to positive values. To be able to realize this, photonic crystal region is sandwiched between n-doped and p-doped materials, which creates a p-i-n diode. By taking the advantage of band-to-band transition at left-handed photonic crystal, we experimentally demonstrated that interaction length is reduced from 255 um to 4.4 um. This reduction leads to low optical insertion loss as well as more compact devices.

(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Download Citation

Yalın Başay, Onur Akdeniz, Alperen Gövdeli, Cenk Yanık, Süleyman Çelik, and Serdar Kocaman "On-chip electro-optic modulator based on left-handed photonic crystals", Proc. SPIE 12891, Silicon Photonics XIX, 128910P (12 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000184

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