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The ecological security pattern (ESP) of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) holds significant importance in achieving regional ecological protection. Leveraging the unique regional geographical characteristics of the GBA, this research employed the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) and utilized ArcGIS as a technical platform to extract critical elements, establish the ecological resistance (ER) surface, and identify ecological nodes (ENs), buffer zones (BZs), and ecological corridors (ECs). The comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the GBA's ESP led to the construction an ecological protection framework to optimize the ESP. The findings of this research are as follows: (1) The proportion of ecological sources within the GBA encompassing 47% of the total area underscores the significant contribution of these sources in upholding ecological security, thereby indicating a commendable ecological quality within the region; (2) Spatial differentiation in the regions encompassing the central and southern sectors of the GBA unveils a discernible lower ecological quality, whereas the northwestern, eastern, and southwestern parts of the GBA demonstrate a notably higher ecological quality; (3) The ESP components in the GBA consist of low-, medium-, and high-level BZs, accounting for 30%, 20%, and 50% of the total area, respectively. Additionally, five main ECs connect ecological sources, and 15 ENs have been identified; (4) The ecological protection framework is presented in this study by utilizing river ECs and ECs surrounding non-ecological land. In conclusion, this research is a foundational basis for policymakers, urban planners, and conservationists to promote sustainable development and safeguard the invaluable ecosystems within the GBA.
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