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Research on renewable energy and energy storage systems has been quite active as a result of the upcoming global challenge in both the energy and environmental domains. As a kind of clean energy with water as the only post-combustion product, hydrogen energy has been proposed as possible next-generation energy after decades of advancements. Despite advanced technologies have been developed for mass production of hydrogen from water splitting, hydrogen storage has always been an issue. Magnesium-based (Mg-based) solid-state hydrogen storage materials are promising due to their high energy storage densities, and research related to this field has skyrocketed in recent years. This paper discusses advanced research regarding the Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage material and the new energy automobile market demand. The advantages and disadvantages and hydrogen storage performance of different Mg-based materials were compared, and the methods to improve the hydrogen storage density and hydrogen storage performance of the Mg-based hydrogen storage materials were summarized. It was found that Mg-based alloys are the most promising candidate for further industrial scale production, and the more advanced materials such as the Mg(BH)4 and the MgH2/graphene composites are the materials that need more research. Finally, applying Mg-based hydrogen fuel cells in new energy vehicles is promising. This paper hopes to provide the researchers with a state-of-the-art understanding of the advanced Mg-based hydrogen storage materials and hopefully help facilitate the hydrogen-related economy in the coming decades.
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