Determination of dopant concentration in single-mode step-index optical fiber based on measured numerical aperture and mode field diameter

Jacek Wajdzik; Piotr Pala; Daniel Szulc; Marta Bernaś; Agnieszka Bednarek; Przemysław Chmielowski; Jacek Olszewski; Paweł Mergo; Gabriela Statkiewicz-Barabach

doi:10.1117/12.2664229

12 December 2022 Determination of dopant concentration in single-mode step-index optical fiber based on measured numerical aperture and mode field diameter

Jacek Wajdzik, Piotr Pala, Daniel Szulc, Marta Bernaś, Agnieszka Bednarek, Przemysław Chmielowski, Jacek Olszewski, Paweł Mergo, Gabriela Statkiewicz-Barabach

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Proceedings Volume 12502, 22nd Polish-Slovak-Czech Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics; 125020D (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664229
Event: 22nd Polish-Slovak-Czech Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics, 2022, Wojanow, Poland

Abstract

Numerical modeling of many optical-fiber-based devices' operation requires an exact knowledge of fiber's parameters like core diameter and dopant, usually GeO₂, concentration. While diameters are typically specified in the fiber's data sheet, material composition, including dopant in the core, is rarely available. We present a procedure utilizing a reverse engineering approach to find GeO₂ concentration in single-mode step-index optical fiber. Our method consists of several stages. First, we measured the numerical aperture NA for several commercially available fibers employing a onedimensional far-field scan. The far-filed mode intensity was acquired by a Ge detector placed on a rotation stage with a stepper motor for fiber end-face positioned on the motor's axis of rotation. We calculated NA for the angular detector position when the light intensity reached 13.5%, 5%, and 1% of its maximum value. Then, taking the corresponding values of core and cladding diameters and using the Sellmeier formula for pure (cladding) and GeO₂ doped (core) silica glass, we found the concentration of GeO₂numerically matching calculated NA to the experimental data. We found that dopant concentration equals 9.0, 18.0, 34.0, 34.5, and 39.8 mol% for the fibers, respectively, 980-HP, UHNA1, UHNA3, UHNA4 and UHNA7 produced by Coherent. To verify the correctness of our method, we performed this procedure for several fibers with a known level of GeO₂ concentration in the core fabricated by the Laboratory of Optical Fiber Technology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University. The results of this simulation coincide with expectations with great accuracy.

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Jacek Wajdzik, Piotr Pala, Daniel Szulc, Marta Bernaś, Agnieszka Bednarek, Przemysław Chmielowski, Jacek Olszewski, Paweł Mergo, and Gabriela Statkiewicz-Barabach "Determination of dopant concentration in single-mode step-index optical fiber based on measured numerical aperture and mode field diameter", Proc. SPIE 12502, 22nd Polish-Slovak-Czech Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics, 125020D (12 December 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664229

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KEYWORDS

Optical fibers

Dopants

Sensors

Technology

Germanium

Refractive index

Reverse modeling

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