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Wireless sensor network, as a popular scientific research project in recent years, plays an increasingly important role in military, medical and social infrastructure construction. However, characteristics like limited node energy capacity and decentralized deployment of wireless sensor network node contribute to short service life of nodes and difficult supplement of node energy which become the urgent problems to be solved in this field. Based on these problems, the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is proposed to dynamically select cluster heads by clustering which saves node energy. However, the classical LEACH protocols still have some problems. The node energy use is not uniform and cluster head selection is not optimal. In this paper, an Improved LEACH based on Node Residual Energy and Base Station Distance (LEACH-NB) is proposed based on energy and distance to optimize cluster-header selection. So that the node has more remaining energy and be closer to the sink node will be chosen as the cluster-header. Besides, the problem of energy consumption in remote communication between cluster head nodes also needs to be solved. Then on the basis of LEACH-NB and the multi-hop routing protocol, an Improved Multi-Hops Routing Hierarchy among Cluster-heads with Energy and Distance Index based on LEACH-NB (IMRH) protocol is proposed. After that, the IMRH protocol is compared with the classical LEACH protocol, improved protocol EWB I-LEACH protocol as well as SILEACH proposed by other scholars through MATLAB simulation. The analog results illustrate that IMRH protocol has better capacity than other protocols in node demise rate and energy wastage rate.
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