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Despite the current high level of drug development and pharmaceutical technology, bacterial infections continue to pose a threat to human health. The increasing ineffectiveness of traditional antibiotics, the misuse of antibiotics, which is accelerating the development of bacterial resistance, the multiplication of drug doses due to ineffective infection control and the rapid increase in adverse drug reactions, as well as the contrast between the huge investment in the development of new drugs (in terms of money, staff and time) and the delay in research and development and the lack of results, make the future of antibiotics for infectious diseases a worrying one. With the development of nanotechnology, particularly the grapheme family and its successful application in the biological field (biosensors, drug delivery, bioimaging, targeted therapies, etc.), scientists have begun to focus on its antibacterial applications, offering new ideas to address the problem of anti-infection. Graphene oxide (GO), a derivative of graphene, not only retains the original nano properties of graphene, but also has the advantages of high activity, good dispersion in solution and easy chemical modification. This paper addresses the advantages of graphene oxide and its related materials as well as its proven antibacterial effects on substances such as bacteria and fungi through a comparative approach, and therefore there is great scope for graphene oxide and its related materials in the pharmaceutical industry.
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