A novel method to perform high-resolution and wideband optical vector analysis (OVA) by using fixed low-frequency detection is proposed and demonstrated. In the proposed OVA, an optical superheterodyne structure is employed to down-convert the frequency-sweeping probe signal into a fixed low-frequency photocurrent. An electrical low-speed and high-sensitivity receiver is used to extract the complex amplitude of the photocurrent accurately, which can improve the sensitivity and dynamic range of the measurement system. Besides, by using the asymmetrical double-sideband modulation (AODSB), the measurable frequency range will be expanded to twice the bandwidth of the electro-optic modulator and microwave synthesizer. Moreover, the high-speed photodetector and wideband phase-magnitude detector are omitted, which can greatly reduce the hardware cost. In an experiment, the electrical receiver works at 199 MHz and 201 MHz, respectively. The measurement range is 80 GHz, and the resolution is 200 kHz.
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