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Fundamental research to understand changes in piezoelectric properties under irradiation are required if ultrasonic sensors are to be designed and deployed for nuclear reactor in-core measurements. Previous research has examined the survivability of bismuth titanate (BiT)-based ultrasonic sensors to a total dose of up to ~1021 neutrons/cm2. This paper describes efforts to quantify the changes in piezoelectric properties in these materials using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). PFM measurements from non-irradiated and irradiated specimens indicated a decrease in d33 from irradiation, consistent with the observed decrease in the response of a BiT transducer over the course of the irradiation test.
Pradeep Ramuhalli,Shawn Reichers,Andrew Casella, andJoshua Daw
"Initial results of post-irradiation piezoresponse force microscopy characterization of piezoelectric materials (Conference Presentation)", Proc. SPIE 11382, Smart Structures and NDE for Industry 4.0, Smart Cities, and Energy Systems, 1138209 (24 April 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2558242
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Pradeep Ramuhalli, Shawn Reichers, Andrew Casella, Joshua Daw, "Initial results of post-irradiation piezoresponse force microscopy characterization of piezoelectric materials (Conference Presentation)," Proc. SPIE 11382, Smart Structures and NDE for Industry 4.0, Smart Cities, and Energy Systems, 1138209 (24 April 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2558242