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We report metasurfaces capable of multiple frequency mixing processes of mixed nonlinear order. The metasurfaces are composed of multi-resonant metallic antennas and show prominent second harmonics, third harmonics, sum frequency generation and four-wave mixing. We report on their intrinsic efficiencies, which are surprisingly high, but with extrinsic efficiencies limited by material damage threshold due to heating. We use these wave mixers to demonstrate characterization of two unknown optical pulses at the pico-Joule level. We also explore the use of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase to control the nonlinear phase over a metasurface. This study reveals the important role that higher order multipoles play in nonlinear metasurfaces.
Rupert F. Oulton,Sylvain D. Gennaro,Paul Dichtl, andStefan A. Maier
"Mixed order nonlinear frequency mixing from metasurfaces of multi-resonant gold antennas (Conference Presentation)", Proc. SPIE 11290, High Contrast Metastructures IX, 1129008 (10 March 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546293
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Rupert F. Oulton, Sylvain D. Gennaro, Paul Dichtl, Stefan A. Maier, "Mixed order nonlinear frequency mixing from metasurfaces of multi-resonant gold antennas (Conference Presentation)," Proc. SPIE 11290, High Contrast Metastructures IX, 1129008 (10 March 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546293