Photomultiplier tubes are the standard for high sensitivity detection of fluorescence signals, but are costly, fragile, have limited QE and worse sensitivity at far-red wavelengths. Silicon photomultipliers (SIPMs) combine the higher shot-noise limited sensitivity of silicon sensors with the single photon sensitivity of PMTs. We evaluate the new generation of SIPMs for high speed fluorescent imaging applications and find that for a range of operating conditions, SIPMs offer higher SNR and dynamic range than GaAsP or GaAs PMTs. We show how to design low cost electronics that enable extremely high sensitivity, dynamic range, and bandwidth, discuss how to customize detectors for high speed fluorescent imaging, and show the results of human tissue imaging comparing PMTs and SIPMs.
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