Infrared thermographs (IRTs) have been implemented for mass fever screening in public areas such as airports during outbreaks of infectious disease pandemics such as Ebola virus disease, yet the approach has not been entirely successful. There has been increasing evidence in the literature that IRTs can provide greater accuracy in estimating core body temperature, if qualified systems are used and appropriate procedures are consistently applied. In this study, we addressed the issue of system qualification by implementing and evaluating a battery of test methods for objective and quantitative performance assessment of two commercial IRTs based on a recent international standard (IEC 80601-2-59). We evaluated stability and drift, image uniformity, minimum resolvable temperature difference, and measurement accuracy of the IRTs and illustrated how experimental and data processing procedures affect results. For instance, we demonstrated that offset temperature compensation, achieved using an external blackbody, is essential to meet the standard’s recommendations for temperature drift and stability. Additionally, we identified methods that can be implemented to optimize IRT evaluation. As an example, we identified a less burdensome approach to characterize image uniformity with a single image acquisition of a uniform blackbody. Overall, the insights into thermograph standardization and acquisition methods provided by this study may improve the utility of this technology and aid in comparing IRT performance, thus improving the potential for high quality disease pandemic countermeasures.
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