Portable hyperspectral imagers enable real time decision-making in application areas such as threat detection, forensics, environmental and agricultural monitoring and biomedical screening. High spectral and spatial resolution provide far more actionable information than obtainable by multispectral imagers. High-resolution VNIR reflectance imagers characterize photosynthetic productivity via solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) monitoring, representing a substantial improvement over earlier multispectral analytics such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Handheld Raman instruments enable high speed screening for explosives, narcotics and hazardous materials. A line scan/area imaging approach detects trace quantities of target materials, such as small particles of explosives or narcotics, within a bulk sample.
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