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The objective of this study is to develop and test a unique portable device that aims to non-invasively detect bio-electrochemical characteristics of human tissues. For this purpose, we designed and developed a new portable Bio-impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) system utilizing active probe technique as measurement technique for bioelectrical features. This BIS system includes the integrated current source and output voltage signal detection sensors. Active probes are placed on the skin surface of the targeted human organ tissues to directly detect bioimpedance signals. Bio-impedance spectrum was measured by applying electrical currents over a range of frequencies (10kHz − 3MHz). The spectrum was then quantitatively analyzed to produce new biomarkers based on bio-electrochemical characteristics of human tissues. These new bioelectrical markers aim to accurately and reproducibly predict and/or detect human diseases (including cancer). To address the feasibility of this new research technique, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of new BIS device with its calibration techniques and phantom study. Results showed that the computed bioelectrical marker values monotonically change corresponding to tissue compositions. In this research, we demonstrated how to compute independent and dependent bioelectrical features to be implemented on machine learning (ML) models that can improve our understanding of disease or cancer risk state. The study suggested that using this new device has potential for different applications, including the noninvasive assessment of breast density and the detection of asymmetrical focal areas between two bilateral breasts, which may eventually help more accurately predict breast cancer risk.
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