Polarization-dependent periodic nanostructures inside various materials are successfully photoinduced by ultrafast laser pulses. These periodic nanostructures in various materials can be empirically classified into the following three types: (1) structural deficiency, (2) strained structure, (3) partial phase separation. Such self-assembled nanostructures exhibit not only optical anisotropy but also intriguing electric, thermal, and magnetic properties. We demonstrate new possibilities for functionalization of common materials ranging from an eternal 5D optical storage, a polarization imaging, to a thermoelectric conversion, based on the indicated phenomena.
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