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Atomically thin materials such as graphene and molecular aromatic hydrocarbon exhibit unique optical properties that allow us to control the flow of light down to the atomic scale. These materials can sustain collective electron resonances -plasmons- involving a relatively small number of electrons, therefore enabling unprecedented electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal control of those properties. In this talk, I will review recent progress in this field and present illustrative examples of nonlinear, quantum, and ultrafast phenomena in these materials, along with applications to optical sensing, optoelectronics, and quantum optics.
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