Lasers are being applied to an increasing extent in biology and medicine. Studies have been carried out at various wavelengths, from the ultraviolet to the infrared, at energy levels from the milli-joule region to more than 100 joules per pulse and at power levels from the milliwatt to the multimegawatt region. Biological studies have been carried out at the molecular level, on cellular components and isolated cells, on microorganisms, viruses, and tissue culture, on isolated physiologic systems, individual organs, and on intact animals. Studies in man have been oriented towards the use of the laser in ophthalmology, exploration of its potential as a surgical tool and for tumor eradication. The coherence property is being used in exploratory studies directed towards radiology and diagnosis with ultrasonic holography. Hazards associated with laser radiation are being determined and methods and procedures for minimizing these hazards developed. In this survey attention will be directed towards representative studies to provide the reader with some appreciation of the use of lasers in biology and medicine.
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