This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10413 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee listing.

In veterinary practice antibiotics are used and abused all over the world both to treat diseases and prevent infections and, to increase feed efficiency thus promoting growth in food producing animals. With more than 30 years history, β−lactam antibiotics are nowadays one of the most important group of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. In this paper we investigate the possibility to realize a measurement method suitable for field testing and we propose a competitive biosensor based on a relatively low-cost chromogenic cephalosporin (CENTA) for the quantitative analysis of β−lactams concentration in milk. In particular, the reported preliminary study has been focused on cloxacillin and the reported results indicates that the method is potentially able to detect cloxacillin at a concentration of about one order of magnitude lower than the maximal residue limits (MRL) set by the European Commission.

Classification of pork soft tissues, including skin, fat, loin, tenderloin and ham muscles, was achieved using combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, principal component analysis and k nearest neighbors classification.

We discuss the application of compressional OCT-based elastography for measuring elastic response of biological tissues in the strain range from fractions of one per cent up to strains over ~10% and greater. Such fairly large strains are not typical of phase-sensitive OCT-based elastographic methods and can be measurable due to application of interframe strain-estimation method in which interframe phase gradients are estimated without the necessity of preliminary measuring total displacements of scattering particles in combination with summation of interframe strains. For estimating applied stresses, intervenient soft layer of translucent silicone is used a a reference fairly linear material. The obtained results based on comparison of strains in the reference layer and tissue demonstrate highly nonlinear character of elasticity of biological tissues even for rather moderate strains on order of several per cent.

We demonstrate a single channel hydrodynamic stretching microfluidic device that relies on high-speed imaging to allow repeated dynamic cell deformation measurements. Experiments on prostate cancer cells suggest richer data than current approaches.

In this work, we employ an integrated label-free dual approach that combines Polarized Light Imaging with Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy to study fiber orientations of myelinated axons in fixed brain slices from different species.

We designed a LoC with embedded optofluidic holographic microscopy capabilities. Object flow allows unlimited FoV microscopy of samples in a liquid volume. High-throughput counting and 3D tracking of RBCs is demonstrated.

Photocoagulation is a treatment modality for several retinal diseases. Intra- and inter-individual variations of the retinal absorption as well as ocular transmission and light scattering makes it impossible to achieve a uniform effective exposure with one set of laser parameters. To guarantee a uniform damage throughout the therapy a real-time control is highly requested. Here, an approach to realize a real-time optical feedback using dynamic speckle analysis in-vivo is presented. A 532 nm continuous wave Nd:YAG laser is used for coagulation. During coagulation, speckle dynamics are monitored by a coherent object illumination using a 633 nm diode laser and analyzed by a CMOS camera with a frame rate up to 1 kHz. An algorithm is presented that can discriminate between different categories of retinal pigment epithelial damage ex-vivo in enucleated porcine eyes and that seems to be robust to noise in-vivo. Tissue changes in rabbits during retinal coagulation could be observed for different lesion strengths. This algorithm can run on a FPGA and is able to calculate a feedback value which is correlated to the thermal and coagulation induced tissue motion and thus the achieved damage.

A parallel video ophthalmoscope was developed to acquire short video sequences (25 fps, 250 frames) of both eyes simultaneously with exact synchronization. Video sequences were registered off-line to compensate for eye movements. From registered video sequences dynamic parameters like cardiac cycle induced reflection changes and eye movements can be calculated and compared between eyes.

This paper describes detection of distorted frames in retinal sequences based on set of global features extracted from each frame. The feature vector is consequently used in classification step, in which three types of classifiers are tested. The best classification accuracy 96% has been achieved with support vector machine approach.

Robotic surgery is a reality in several surgical fields, such as in gastrointestinal surgery. In ophthalmic surgery the required high spatial precision is limiting the application of robotic system, and even if several attempts have been designed in the last 10 years, only some application in retinal surgery were tested in animal models. The combination of photonics and robotics can really open new frontiers in minimally invasive surgery, improving the precision, reducing tremor, amplifying scale of motion, and automating the procedure. In this manuscript we present the preliminary results in developing a vision guided robotic platform for laser-assisted anterior eye surgery. The robotic console is composed by a robotic arm equipped with an "end effector" designed to deliver laser light to the anterior corneal surface. The main intended application is for laser welding of corneal tissue in laser assisted penetrating keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty. The console is equipped with an integrated vision system. The experiment originates from a clear medical demand in order to improve the efficacy of different surgical procedures: when the prototype will be optimized, other surgical areas will be included in its application, such as neurosurgery, urology and spinal surgery.

Lensfree in-line holography permits to image large fields of view with resolution of few micrometers. By adding a fluorescence microscopy detection pathway, we can simultaneously image samples with a better resolution and a complementary contrast.

We present a reduced cost, field portable and compact prototype of lensless holographic microscope based on multi-illumination and single holographic recording for sperm sorting and analysis of the three dimensional trajectories.

We show for the first time the aptness of Calcium Phosphate Glass-based bioresorbable fibers for time-domain diffuse optics using tests described by a standardized protocol and we also present a spectroscopic measurement on a chicken breast.

UiO-66 thin film coated optical fiber end-face is fabricated and was utilized for 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-cancer medicine encapsulation and the drug was released by applying the appropriate light delivered via the optical fiber.

A hollow bioresorbable phosphate glass fiber was developed and used for drug and light delivery. The interaction between organic molecules and the fiber’s internal surface was studied. Promising results for the release of Rose Bengal were obtained.

In vivo wall shear rate is quantified during zebrafish development using particle image velocimetry for biomedical diagnosis and modeling of artificial vessels. By using brightfield microscopy based high speed video tracking we can resolve single heart-beat cycles of blood flow in both space and time. Maximum blood flow velocities and wall shear rates are presented for zebrafish at two and three days post fertilization. By applying biocompatible optical tweezers as an Optical rail we present rerouting of red blood cells in vivo. With purely light-driven means we are able to compensate the lack of proper red blood cell blood flow in so far unperfused capillaries.

The study of metabolic and oxygen states of cells in a tumor in vivo is crucial for understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the tumor development and provides background for the relevant tumor’s treatment. Here, we show that a specially designed implantable fiber-optical probe provides a promising tool for optical interrogation of metabolic and oxygen states of a tumor in vivo. In our experiments, the excitation light from a ps diode laser source is delivered to the sample through an exchangeable tip via a multimode fiber, and the emission light is transferred to the detector by another multimode fiber. Fluorescence lifetime of nicotinamid adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and phosphorescence lifetime of an oxygen sensor based on iridium (III) complex of enzothienylpyridine (BTPDM1) are explored both in model experiment in solutions, and in living mice. The luminescence spectroscopy data is substantiated with immunohistochemistry experiments. To the best of our knowledge, the measurements of both metabolic status and oxygenation of tumor in vivo by fluorescence/phosphorescence lifetime spectroscopy with a fiber-optic probe are done for the first time.

Lack of standardization in fluorescence imaging challenges its clinical translation. We investigate the use of a composite phantom to perform standardization, which could serve as a framework toward the benchmarking of fluorescence imaging systems.

The results of experimental creation of nanocomposites using femtosecond laser are presented. We have theoretically proved the formation of a carbon nanotube frame in a protein matrix during laser structuring of single-walled carbon nanotubes. We have selected the technological parameters of synthesis of nanocomposites, which provide the proliferation of living cells.

In the framework of the research project ETHICS “Pre-clinical experimental and theoretical studies to improve treatment and protection by charged particles” funded by the National Nuclear Physics Institute, Italy, we studied the phenomenon called delayed luminescence emitted by non-tumorigenic breast epithelial MCF10A cell line after proton irradiation at different doses (0.5, 2, 6, 9 Gy). The aim is to found possible correlations between delayed luminescence and in vitro damaging induced by ion irradiation. The first results of this research show that the delayed luminescence kinetics is proton dose dependent. An interesting correlation between delayed luminescence and clonogenic potential was observed.

Skin melanin, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin were snapshot-mapped under simultaneous 448-532-659 nm laser illumination by a smartphone RGB camera. Experimental prototypes for double-snapshot RGB mapping of four (melanin, bilirubin, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin) and five (melanin, bilirubin, lipids, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin) skin chromophores with reduced laser speckle artefacts have been developed and tested. A set of 405-448-532-659 nm lasers were used for four chromophores mapping, and a set of 405-448-532-659-842 nm lasers for five chromophores mapping. Clinical tests confirmed functionality of the developed devices.

A new PDI protocol is presented in this study. C. albicans cells pre-illuminated with a low dose light demonstrated an increase of curcumin uptake when compared to dark incubation, leading to a higher PDI efficacy.

We present a novel methodology for quantitative analysis of hemodynamics in human skin in vivo. Our approach combines pulsed photothermal radiometry (i.e., time-resolved measurements of midinfrared emission from sample surface after exposure to a short light pulse) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in visible part of the spectrum. Experimental data are fitted with predictions of a numerical model of light transport in a four-layer skin model (i.e., inverse Monte Carlo), which allows assessment of the layer thicknesses, chromophore contents (e.g., melanin, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin), as well as scattering properties. The performance is tested in comparison analysis of healthy skin before and during application of a blood pressure cuff (at 200 mm Hg) for 5 minutes.

Objective determination of bruise age is still done mainly by visual inspection, however, because of insufficient information the method provides, another mode is desired. In this study, determination of bruise dynamics parameters with a four-layer model and individually determined scattering parameters was carried out. Pulsed photometric radiometry signals and diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded during the healing process for volunteers with accidental bruises. Parameters of healthy skin were obtained and used as input parameters for the bruise model. Hence, the difference in signals would be fully attributed to changes caused by the injury. Results of three bruises on the arm and the analysis of one on the outer side of the arm are presented showing bruise dynamics parameters and their dependency on bruise severity. Objective determination of bruise dynamics parameters is achieved by use of pulsed photothermal radiometry via a four-layer optical model of human skin and inverse Monte Carlo analysis with predetermined input parameters of healthy skin.

The use of polarimetry as a diagnostic tool for biological tissues could show increased contrast in several pathologies. In this work polarimetric parameters are used to analyze structurally oriented biological tissues.

The noninvasive measurement of water content in biological samples utilizing the terahertz waves is a promising tool for various biomedical applications. We introduce the method of water concentration measurement in biological samples by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.

Mid infrared spectroscopy samples were developed for the analysis of skin tumor cell types and three dimensional tissue phantoms towards the application of midIR spectroscopy for fast and reliable skin cancer diagnostics.

Angular resolved scattering light measurements on chromosomes are compared to Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) simulations using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based geometrical models. This could present a novel, marker-free method for human chromosome karyotyping.