Stress distributions obtained using the hyperelastic Arruda–Boyce model for Abaqus (a) ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}$ at the front surface, (b, c, d) 3-D stress distribution along (b) the $x$-direction ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}$, (c) $y$-direction ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{y}}$, (d) and $z$-direction ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{z}\mathrm{z}}$ with indenter positioned on top of inhomogeneity, (e) 3-D stress distribution along $z$-direction ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{z}\mathrm{z}}$ with indenter positioned in 10 mm distance to inhomogeneity.

Flow chart and results for obtained displacements fields with and without foreign body, the resulting difference displacement field, the calculate strain field, and corresponding cross-section plot, which compares the difference approach strain field with the conventional results shown in Fig. 7(b).